Materials differ in how easily charges move through them. A metal link offers low resistance; a dry insulating link offers a very large resistance.
1. Set up the experiment
Bridge the contacts with copper, a paper clip, pencil lead, wood or rubber. Compare the lamp and the current each time.
2. Connect the result to the equation
I = V / (R + R_material)
Change one parameter at a time and keep the others fixed. Read the signed output and current, then use the curve to distinguish a steady relationship from a changing transient.
Initial supply
3.00 V
Initial current
300.000 mA
Initial output
3.000 V
3. Notice the limits
Graphite can conduct despite being nonmetallic. Real insulation has limits: sufficiently large electric fields can cause breakdown.
Circuit reference diagram
Continue this learning path
Why it’s here
Electronics 101 makes a component change visible: an altered resistance changes a current, a capacitor changes a delay, and a sensor changes a decision. The course guide links each concept to its experiment.
Open Ohm’s law and predict the effect of doubling the voltage.
Change the control and compare the ammeter, curve and equation.
Try RC charging and use the time constant to explain the curve.
Return to the course guide to choose the next experiment.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use every experiment on NavSprout?
Yes. The course guides and workbenches run on NavSprout.
Are these circuit simulations exact?
They are analytic teaching models: ideal sources and switches, fixed diode drops, simple BJT gain and saturation, exponential RC behavior, and illustrative sensor curves. They are not a SPICE solver or construction verification.
Do I need hardware or a login?
No hardware or account is needed. The 3D view needs WebGL, while diagrams, controls and static lessons remain available as alternatives. Progress is stored in this browser and can be exported.
Which current direction is shown?
Moving markers represent conventional current, not electron drift. Their motion is illustrative and is not a measurement of charge velocity.
Model references and scope
Original NavSprout lessons use standard lumped-circuit relationships and explicitly simplified component models. Diagrams explain teaching topologies, while the breadboard probe explains socket continuity. The workbench is not a verified physical assembly plan.
